Storing and depicting organizations that are subject to dynamic event driven restructuring

ABSTRACT

The present invention discloses a solution for storing and depicting complex non-contiguous organizations that are subject to situation-based restructuring. Different views for organization charts of the organization can be generated, where the generated organization charts are collapsed to a minimal view which automatically hides at least a portion of the organization positions in accordance with a desired view. For example, a view showing only filled positions will hide unfilled positions, collapsing intermediate nodes of a shown hierarchy so that child nodes of a hidden node are directly connected to the parent node of the hidden node. A set of indexed database tables can be used to efficiently store details of the organization. The indexed tables can store positions, assignment, and position reporting details in separate 3NF tables. The solution can be integrated to a commercial off-the-shelf command management system and/or to a commercial off-the-shelf front-end charting application.

BACKGROUND

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a software tool for organizationstructures and, more particularly, to storing and depictingorganizations that are subject to dynamic event driven restructuring.

Description of the Related Art

Organization charts are used to graphically represent an organizationstructure, which can include organization positions, position titles,names of individuals occupying a position, a reporting structure, andthe like. Some organizations are relatively stagnant, which results in arelatively stable organization structure that is periodically updated toreflect any changes to position organization and staffing which may haveoccurred. Other organizations, such as a matrixed organization, includemultiple different hierarchy structures, each requiring differentorganization charts. For instance, a matrixed structure can havefunctional reporting structures that are project specific and can alsohave an organization structure showing a supervisory chain. In amatrixed organization, a functional leader requiring resources cancontact a supervisor in charge of the resources and can negotiate atemporary resource allocation for a related project.

An even more complex organization structure exists for non-contiguousorganizations. Non-contiguous organizations are often used to managemajor responses to a situation; these responses can be complex andmulti-jurisdictional. For instance, a hurricane or flood response caninclude local, state, and federal responders as well as numerouscivilian volunteers and organizations. In another instance,international military campaigns can include personnel from differentservice branches of a common country, which coordinate with otherresponse units of different countries. Reporting structures fornon-contiguous organizations are constantly evolving as new groups areadded and removed and as situational factors change, which requiresorganizational modifications.

A number of computing systems, such as the Incident Command System(ICS), have been created to help manage major responses involvingnon-contiguous organizations. At present, command managements systemssuch as ICS do not possess an ability to seamlessly and automaticallygenerate current organization structures and charts. This lack is due toa present lack of sophistication of organization chart management andrendering software. Command systems generally rely on organizationstructures linked to a set of organizational templates, each templatebeing associated with a situation.

These template generated structures typically require some situationalmodifications which are not automated. Thus, organization leaders mustconstantly add and delete positions and position manning and re-arrangeorganization charts, which are costly in terms of time, delay, andinevitable inadvertent mistakes. Further, manual selection andmodification of organization structures requires a deep understanding ofappropriate organization structure details and current situationalfactors that affect the structure. Further complications, such asjurisdictional in-fighting, communication short-tails, conflictingreporting of situational factors, confusion resulting from respondersrelying upon out-of-date organization reporting structures, and thelike, result in response inefficiencies which can result in loss ofproperty or life.

What is needed is an organization structure tool that is integrated witha command system. This organization structure tool should be capable ofautomatically adjusting reporting structures, positions, and manning assituational factors of the command system change. Responders should beable to use the organization structure tool to generate currentorganization charts in paper or electronic form which should minimizeconfusion caused by a dynamic reporting structure. No known organizationstructure tool exists that has these desired capabilities.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention discloses a solution for storing and depictingorganizations that are subject to dynamic event driven restructuring.Organization charts for an organization structure can be generated fordifferent user specified views, some of which hide one or moreorganization positions. The organization charts can be automaticallycollapsed to show a minimal view in consideration of the hiddenpositions. In one arrangement, the disclosed solution can be linked to aWeb server which is able to deliver current and dynamically createdorganization structures to remotely located browsers. Generated chartsof an organization structure can also be printed to be carried bydeployed responders and/or to be posted at locations accessible byresponders of an organization. Further, the solution can be integratedto commercial off-the-shelf or customized back-end command systems andfront-end charting applications.

In one configuration, an integrated back-end system can be an IncidentCommand System (ICS), where the solution is able to dynamically adjustcontent and structure of the database tables as command system managedinformation changes. The solution is not limited to ICS integration andintegration with other command and/or incident management systems, suchas GROOVE NETWORKS, E-TEAM, BLUE 292, WEBEOC, and the like arecontemplated.

The organization structure can be efficiently stored and managed inindexed tables in which organizational positions are independent oftheir current reporting structure and assigned personnel. Datedhistorical structures can also be stored along with their respectivemanning for record maintenance and archiving purposes. The indexedtables can support structured organizational positions as well astactical/independent positions that are not part of a hierarchicallyorganized structure. Further, the indexed tables can support multiplenodes at a top level reporting structure, can manage command staffsupport positions independent of other positions, and can includeoptional information hiding capabilities for protecting confidentialinformation from unauthorized users. Additionally, template features canfacilitate an automated generation/restructuring of positions based uponincident occurrences and a detection of previously establishedsituational events which may be handled by a command system linked tothe organizational tool that manages the indexed tables.

The present invention can be implemented in accordance with numerousaspects consistent with the material presented herein. For example, oneaspect of the present invention can include a solution for storing anddepicting complex non-contiguous organizations that are subject tosituation-based restructuring. Different views for organization chartsof the organization can be generated where the generated organizationcharts are automatically collapsed to a minimal view which automaticallyhides at least a portion of the organization positions in accordancewith a desired view. For example, a view showing only filled positionswill hide unfilled positions, collapsing intermediate nodes of a shownhierarchy so that child nodes of a hidden node are directly connected tothe parent node of the hidden node. A set of indexed database tables canbe used to efficiently store details of the organization. The indexedtables can store positions, assignment, and position reporting detailsin separate third normal form (3NF) tables. The solution can beintegrated to a commercial off-the-shelf command management systemand/or to a commercial off-the-shelf front-end charting application.

Another aspect of the present invention can include a method forcharting an organization. In the method, a set of database tables for anorganization structure can be identified. The tables can include aposition table, a position reporting table, a resource table, and anassignment table. The position table can contain a unique record foreach position within an organization structure. The position reportingtable can contain a unique record for each relationship among thepositions of table. The resource table can contain a unique record foreach resource capable of occupying a position. The assignment table cancontain a unique record for each resource/position assignment. A userrequest for an organization chart can be received. The set of databasetables can be queried to generate an organization object. Theorganization object can be converted into a graphical organizationtable, which is presented to a requestor.

Still another aspect of the present invention can include anorganizational management computing system that includes incidentmanagement software and a charting tool. The incident managementsoftware can include programmatic instructions for centrally managingincidents involving at least one organization having an organizationstructure that dynamically varies as situation factors of a managedincident changes. The incident changes can be recorded by the incidentmanagement system, which causes the incident management system to effectcorresponding changes in the organization structure. The charting toolcan dynamically generate organization charts depicting the organizationstructure at a user specifiable point in time based upon a set ofindexed relational database tables containing records that togetherdefine the organization structure. The relational database tables can bearranged so that records unique to organizational positions areindependent of a reporting relationship among positions. The relationaldatabase tables can further be arranged so that records unique to theorganizational positions are independent of personnel assigned to thepositions.

It should be noted that various aspects of the invention can beimplemented as a program for controlling computing equipment toimplement the functions described herein, or as a program for enablingcomputing equipment to perform processes corresponding to the stepsdisclosed herein. This program may be provided by storing the program ina magnetic disk, an optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or any otherrecording medium. The program can also be provided as a digitallyencoded signal conveyed via a carrier wave. The described program can bea single program or can be implemented as multiple subprograms, each ofwhich interact within a single computing device or interact in adistributed fashion across a network space.

It should also be noted that the methods detailed herein can also bemethods performed at least in part by a service agent and/or a machinemanipulated by a service agent in response to a service request.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

There are shown in the drawings, embodiments which are presentlypreferred, it being understood, however, that the invention is notlimited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system in which non-contiguousorganizations can be modeled in software capable of generatingorganization charts in accordance with an embodiment of the inventivearrangements disclosed herein.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for interactions between anorganization charting tool and an incident command system in accordancewith an embodiment of the inventive arrangements disclosed herein.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a set of related database tables in accordancewith an embodiment of the inventive arrangements disclosed herein.

FIG. 4 illustrates a set of interfaces for creating and presentingorganization charts in accordance with an embodiment of the inventivearrangements disclosed herein.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for an organization chart creationprocess in accordance with an embodiment of the inventive arrangementsdisclosed herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system 100 in which non-contiguousorganizations can be modeled in software capable of generatingorganization charts 160 in accordance with an embodiment of theinventive arrangements disclosed herein. The organization charts 160 canbe customized for a particular responder 110 or group of responders 110to indicate a relationship within an organization structure, whichincludes indicating a reporting structure for each responder 110. Theorganization charts 160 can be automatically updated as a depictedorganization structures change. In one embodiment, situationalinformation can be managed by a command system 120 which initiates datadriven events that change the organization structure specified in datastore 138. The structural information of data store 138 can be used by astructure charting engine 130 which generates the charts 160 based uponthe data store 138 information.

The charts 160 can be presented to numerous client 114 systems via aclient-facing interface 136 which can be accessed by responders 110 andcoordinators 112. Each client 114 can graphically display theorganization charts 160, such as through a Web browser, and/or can printpaper copies of the charts 160. Further, clients 114 can input criteriarelevant to a specific user which results in customized charts 160suitable for the user criteria. Different views for organization charts160 can be generated where the generated organization charts 160 arecollapsed to a minimal view which automatically hides at least a portionof the organization positions in accordance with a desired view. Forexample, a view showing only filled positions will hide unfilledpositions, collapsing intermediate nodes of a shown hierarchy so thatchild nodes of a hidden node are directly connected to the parent nodeof the hidden node.

The organization structure depicted by the organization chart 160 can beof varying complexity from a relatively basic structure to a complexmulti-jurisdictional one. The organization structure can also be anadaptive and dynamic structure that changes as situational factorschange. For example, the organization structure can be a hurricanerelief organization comprising unaffiliated volunteers, privatelyorganized response units as well as local, state, and federal reliefpersonnel all working together in a loosely coupled group whosemembership and focus shifts dynamically as situational factors change.

The organization structure of data store 138 can be specified by recordsof a set of indexed inter-related tables 140. In one arrangement, thetables 140 can include a position table 142, a position reporting table143, a resource table 144, an assignment table 145, an assignment typetable 146, an organization template table 147, and the like.

The position table 142 can contain a row for each position within anorganization structure. The position reporting table 143 can contain arow for each relationship among the positions of table 142. The positionreporting table 143 can indicate which positions other positionscurrently and/or historically report to. The resource table 144 caninclude records for individuals, group, and/or teams that are able tofill one or more of the positions of table 142. Each person and/ornon-divisible group can be associated with one record in the resourcetable 144. The assignment table 145 can specify relationships andrelationship details between positions and resources. Each assignment ofa person to a position can be associated with a table 145 record.Different types of assignments of table 145 can share a set of commonattributes, which can be specified in the assignment type table 146. Theorganization template table 147 can contain templates that can be usedto rapidly create an organization structure at a start of an incidentand/or to modify an organization structure based upon situationalfactors of an incident.

A set of queries 150 can be created and used by the structure chartingengine 130, which produce results based upon information of tables 140.In one arrangement, the queries 150 can be Structured Query Language(SQL) based queries. An optional SQL interface (not shown) or otherreport/query construction interface can also be used to dynamicallyspecify queries 150 in system 100. As shown, the queries 150 can includea position structure by date 151 query, a position assignments by date152 query, a filled position 153 query, an unfilled position 154 query,a tactical position 155 query, a staff support 156 query, a customizedset of reports 157 query, a customized set of charts 158 query, and aset of queries 159 related to me organization templates 147.

A position by date 151 query can construct an organization charttemplate or report that shows active positions on a user specified date.The organization chart template/report can be used to generate a graphicorganization chart 160 presentable via interface 136. The positionassignments query 152 can generate an organization chart for a specifieddate which shows personnel/teams assigned to the various positions. Thefilled position query 153 can generate a collapsed organization chartshowing only those positions that are staffed. The unfilled positionquery 154 can generate an organization chart showing those positionsthat are currently unfilled. Optionally, query 154 can also generate alist of available resources having suitable skills that are able to fillthese unfilled positions. The tactical position query 155 can generateone or more organization charts for tactical positions and/or tacticalunits. Use of query 155 may require a user to provide suitableauthentication codes since tactical positions (and other sensitivepositions) are able to be hidden from unauthorized personnel. The staffsupport query 156 can generate an organization chart showing supportstaff dedicated to a top level of command. The customized reports 157and queries 158 can include reports and queries specifically generatedfor/by an organization. The template queries 159 can be used to helpinitially generate tables 140 and/or to modify tables 140 based uponsituational factors managed by system 120.

The tables 140 and queries 150 are provided for descriptive purposesonly and are not intended to constrain the disclosed invention to afixed configuration. That is, any repository of digitally storedinformation capable of accomplishing approximately the same results asachieved by tables 140 and/or queries 150 regardless of organizationstructure and implementation methodology are to be considered within thescope of system 100.

As shown in system 100, the command system 120 can be a computing systemdesigned to manage non-contiguous organizations. The organizationmanaged by the command system 120 can dynamically restructure itselfbased upon situational factors. Often the command system 120 will be anincident management system 120 designed to manage a disaster (hurricane,flood, fire) response, a military campaign, an organization specificallycreated for a non-standard, large-scale effort, and the like. Thecommand system can, for example, be an Incident Command System (ICS).

The structure charting interface 136 can be any user interface forpresenting or creating the organization chart 160. The interface 136 canbe integrated with the engine 130 and/or the command system 120 or canbe stand-alone program. For example, the interface 136 can be part of aprogram, such as ORGPLUS or the organization charting tools integratedinto many popular office suite programs. In one embodiment, theinterface 136 can be a graphical and/or voice based interface configuredto conveniently present organization chart 160 to deployed responders110. For instance, the interface 136 can be a markup based interfacewhich can be rendered by a standard Web browser. The interface 136 canalso be part of a voice response system accessible via a telephone(client 114).

The structure charting engine 130 can be capable of generating softwareobjects which the interface 136 is able to convert into organizationchart 160. The engine 130 can be integrated with the command system 120and can utilize the tables 140 and/or queries 150 of data store 138. Thecharting engine 130 can optionally include a format converter 132 and/ora set of expandable plug-ins 134.

The format converter 132 can perform data transformations forcommunicating with different command systems 120. Further, the formatconverter 132 can include data migration and synchronization componentswhich enable separately maintained information to be converted into thestructure of tables 140. The plug-ins 134 can permit the construction oforganization chart objects that are compatible with specific interfaces136. For example, a specific plug-in 134 can enable the engine 134 to becompatible with an ORGPLUS front-end application.

The various components of system 100 can be communicatively linked via anetwork (not shown). The network can include any hardware/software/andfirmware necessary to convey digital content encoded within carrierwaves. Content can be contained within analog or digital signals andconveyed through data or voice channels and can be conveyed over apersonal area network (PAN) or a wide area network (WAN). The networkcan include local components and data pathways necessary forcommunications to be exchanged among computing device components andbetween integrated device components and peripheral devices. The networkcan also include network equipment, such as routers, data lines, hubs,and intermediary servers which together form a packet-based network,such as the Internet or an intranet. The network can further includecircuit-based communication components and mobile communicationcomponents, such as telephony switches, modems, cellular communicationtowers, and the like. The network can include line based and/or wirelesscommunication pathways.

Data stores 122 and 138 can be physically implemented within any type ofhardware including, but not limited to, a magnetic disk, an opticaldisk, a semiconductor memory, a digitally encoded plastic memory, aholographic memory, or any other recording medium. Each of the datastores 122 and 138 can be a stand-alone storage unit as well as astorage unit formed from a plurality of physical devices, which may beremotely located from one another. Additionally, information can bestored within each data store in a variety of manners. For example,information can be stored within a database structure or can be storedwithin one or more files of a file storage system, where each file mayor may not be indexed for information searching purposes.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method 200 for interactions between anorganization charting tool and an incident command system in accordancewith an embodiment of the inventive arrangements disclosed herein. Themethod 200 can be performed in the context of system 100 or any similarsystem.

Method 200 can begin in step 205, where an organization charting toolcan be programmatically connected to an incident command system. In step210, a set of templates can be used to generate database tables for amaximum default organization structure. That is, all positions for theorganization structure can have an entry in a position table regardlessof whether each position is to be initially enabled. In step 215, aseries of queries can be executed to interconnect the tables to eachother (i.e., assuming referential integrity is enforced) and to addprogrammatic code to database events. Other preparatory actions can alsobe performed at this step, such as linking an organization chartingengine to a front-end interface.

In step 220, the database tables of the organization structure can bepopulated with information from the command system, other informationsources, and through manual information entry. Data migration tools canbe utilized to reconcile differences in underlying data structures asnecessary. In step 225, code and triggers can be established which canbe used to dynamically alter the database structure so that itcorresponds to a correct organization structure for incident specificfactors. For example, when a new position is created in an organizationto handle an incident situation, a new record can be created in aposition table and other tables can be adjusted to reflect changes thenew position effects in a reporting structure. After the propertriggers, event linked procedures, and the like have been established,the integrated system including the database tables can be utilized in aproductive environment.

In step 230, an organization charting request can be optionally receivedfrom a front-end interface. When such a request is received, the methodcan proceed from step 230 to step 235, where filters and/or chartspecific parameters can be applied. Some of these parameters can bebased upon user selected options and other input. In step 240, a format,structure, and delivery target can be determined. The target can be areport, a Web browser interface, and/or a compatible front-end chartingapplication, such as ORGPLUS. Parameters can be adjusted as appropriatefor the delivery target, structure, and format. A generated organizationchart can show a minimal possible view when one or more positions of anorganization structure are not shown in the generated organizationchart. That is, the generated organization chart can be automaticallycollapsed without any reorganization or manual manipulation of agenerated chart being required. In step 245, one or more queries canexecute for the organization charting request, one or more programmaticactions can execute for creating/processing the chart, and results canbe delivered to a target client.

In step 250, an incident specific event can be detected. Incidentspecific information can be received/associated with the detected event.In step 255, a database structure used by the organization tool and/orcontent of the database can be adjusted based upon the incident specificevent. A set of programs linked to the detected event can effectuate thecontent/structure changes to the database. The method 200 caniteratively repeated (looping from step 255 to step 230) so that newcharting requests are continuously handled and so that database contentand structure is dynamically altered as new incident specific eventsoccur.

FIG. 3 is a diagram 300 of a set of related database tables 310-360 inaccordance with an embodiment of the inventive arrangements disclosedherein. Diagram 300 represents one arrangement and composition for thetables 140 of system 100. The tables 310-360 of diagram 300 arerelational database tables expressed in third normal form (3NF).Although it is common to reduce tables to 3NF, performanceconsiderations occasionally require optimizations to be made which canresult in the tables 310-360 being structured in 2NF or otherwiseconfigured. Further, as shown, referential integrity between relatedtables 310-360 is enforced, which is an optional setting.

As shown, a many-to-many relationship can exist between the positiontable 310 and the resource table 330. The assignment table 340 can be anassociative table, which links records of tables 310 and 330 to eachother. The position reporting table 320 can specify reportingrelationships between positions of table 310. An assignment type 350table can be linked to the assignment table 340 to provide detailsrelated to categories or types of assignments. An organization templatetable 360 can be used to generate a structure of the tables 310-350.Details expressed in tables 310-360 are for illustrative purposely onlyand can be modified to suit implementation requirements.

In diagram 300, position table 310 can include a position key (primarykey), a description field, a start time, an end time, an authoritylevel, a required skills field, a sensitivity level field, and the like.The start and end time can be used to indicate whether a position iscurrently enabled. These fields can also facilitate historical dataconcerning disabled positions. Tables 320 and 340 can also include startand end times for similar purposes. An authority level can represent arank or pay grade associated with the position. The skills attribute canspecify skills required/desired for the related position. Thesensitivity level can be used to indicate whether a position is to behidden or kept confidential. For example, a special operation positioncan be hidden from non-authorized users of table 310. Other tables320-350, such as table 350, can also include a sensitivity level torestrict knowledge relating to specific records.

The position reporting table 320 can include a position reporting key(primary key), a subordinate key (foreign key), a superior key (foreignkey), a start time, an end time, and the like. Subordinate and superiorkeys can indicate a chain of authority or command among the positions oftable 310. A single position can report to more than one other position,such as a position having an administrative superior and one or morefunctional superiors.

The assignment table 340 can include an assignment key (primary key), aposition key (foreign key), a resource key (foreign key), a start time,an end time, an assignment type key (foreign key), a comments field, andthe like. Each time a person or team is assigned to a position or set ofpositions, new records can be added to the assignment table 340.

The assignment type table 350 can include an assignment type key(primary key), a description, a default assignment a supervisoryindictor, a duration limit, a sensitivity level, and the like. Thedefault assignment field indicates an authority relationship typical ofthe related assignment which can be overridden as circumstances dictate.The supervisory indictor can indicate whether an assignment type is fora team leader, a division leader, and the like. The duration limit canbe used to specify whether an assignment is to terminate or change at aspecified time which is the case for many elected or rotatingassignments having an associated term limit.

The resource table 330 can include a resource key (primary key) a name,a resource type, a resource status, a group affiliation, resourceskills, an authority level, and the like. The name can be used tospecify a name for a person or team, depending upon a scope of therelated record. The resource type 330 can indicate whether the resourceis a group, an individual, or other type. The resource status canindicate whether the resource is on scene, in-route, on vacation, andother status indicators.

The organization template 360 can include a template key (primary key),a description, an incident trigger, an activation script, a tablegeneration attribute, a constraint establishment attribute, and thelike. The incident trigger can indicate a situation factor that causes arelated trigger to execute. The activation script can be related to aspecific executable. The table generation attribute can include a valuethat changes a table 310-350 structure appropriately for the triggeredincident. The constraint establishment attribute can include referentialintegrity values or links to other code that imposes a constraint on atable, table record, or table attribute.

FIG. 4 illustrates a set of interfaces for creating and presentingorganization charts in accordance with an embodiment of the inventivearrangements disclosed herein. The set of interfaces can be based uponthe tables of diagram 300 or can be performed by components shown insystem 100.

The interfaces are shown as browser 410, 440, 460 interfaces, but can berendered in any software application whether Web-based or not. Inanother embodiment, the illustrated organization charts 430, 350, and/or470 can be presented upon a printed document instead of a softwareapplication. Each of the interfaces can have user selectable optionswhich alter details of a generated organization chart. It should beappreciated that the details shown in the interfaces are forillustrative purposes only, and different implementations of theinvention can be opted to use interface elements other than those shown.

The interface in browser 410 shows a tactical organization chart 430.This chart 430 has three positions (position 131, 1311, and 1312), eachassociated with multiple staff positions (staff 1311, 1312, 13111,13112, 13113, 13121, 13122, and 13123). The chart 430 is generated basedupon a user selection in a chart type 412 control. A different control414 can be used to specify a time (based upon a current time, aspecified date, a specified time-stamped organization version, and thelike) depicted by the chart 430. Additional criteria 416 for the chart430 can also be specified. A user can further export 418 the chart 430into a selectable format, such as a POWERPOINT format or one of anotherapplication capable of charting. Additionally, the chart 430 can beprinted 420, emailed 422, faxed 424, or otherwise outputted.

The interface in browser 440 shows an organization chart 450 showingstaffed 452 and un-staffed 454 positions. The chart 450 can be generatedbased upon a user selection of the chart type 442 control. A differentcontrol 444 is responsible for showing all the positions in the chart450. A different user selection for the control (shown by control 462)can result in a display (shown in chart 470) of only those positionsthat are currently filled or staffed. Unfilled positions can beeliminated and the organization chart 470 can be collapsed asappropriate.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method 500 for an organization chartcreation process in accordance with an embodiment of the inventivearrangements disclosed herein. The method 500 can be used to create theorganization charts shown in FIG. 4. The method 500 can be performed inthe context of a system 100 or similar system. The method 500 is one ofmany processes for creating organization charts that illustrate multipleposition dependent programmatic actions can be taken, when generating anorganization chart.

In method 500, an incidents positions query 510 and an incidentsresources query 514 can be performed against a set of database tables.An initial position can be retrieved in step 520. In step 522, adetermination can be made as to whether the retrieved position has beensecured so that it cannot be included in the organization chart beingcreated by method 500. When the position is secured (e.g., hidden) themethod can proceed from step 522 to step 536, where if more positionsexist, a next position (step 520) can be retrieved and processed. If theposition is not secure, the method can proceed from step 522 to step524. When a position is open, information appropriate to the positioncan be retrieved and processed from database records. In step 528,leadership features for the position can be processed based upon queryreturned information. In step 530, command staff features for theposition east be processed.

In step 532, the position can be analyzed to ascertain whethernon-organizational resources apply to the position. For example, theposition can be a tactical one requiring additional processing. In step534, reporting resources can be acquired and processed for the position.When no additional positions require processing as determined by step526, the method can end in step 538. When additional positions requireprocessing, the method can loop to step 520, which causes the methodsteps to be repeated for the next position.

The present invention may be realized in hardware, software, or acombination of hardware and software. The present invention may berealized in a centralized fashion in one computer system or in adistributed fashion where different elements are spread across severalinterconnected computer systems. Any kind of computer system or otherapparatus adapted for earning out the methods described herein issuited. A typical combination of hardware and software may be a generalpurpose computer system with a computer program that, when being loadedand executed, controls the computer system such that it carries out themethods described herein.

The present invention also may be embedded in a computer programproduct, which comprises all the features enabling the implementation ofthe methods described herein, and which when loaded in a computer systemis able to earn out these methods. Computer program in the presentcontext means any expression, in any language, code or notation, of aset of instructions intended to cause a system having an informationprocessing capability to perform a particular function either directlyor after either or both of the following: a) conversion to anotherlanguage, code or notation; b) reproduction in a different materialform.

This invention may be embodied in other forms without departing from thespirit or essential attributes thereof. Accordingly, reference should bemade to the following claims, rather than to the foregoingspecification, as indicating the scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A software tool stored in a machine readablemedium for managing and depicting organization structures comprising: aset of indexed tables specifying positions in an organization structure,personnel assigned to the positions, and reporting authorityrelationships among the positions, wherein information for thepositions, the assigned personnel, and the reporting authorityrelationships is stored in different ones of the indexed tables; acharting tool configured to automatically generate at least oneorganization chart based upon information stored in the indexed tables,wherein said charting tool is also configured to create different viewsof the organization structure specified within the set of indexedtables, wherein selective ones of the different views hide at least oneposition included in the organization structure; and a structurecharting engine configured to dynamically change the at least oneorganization chart in response to changes in the set of indexed tables.2. The software tool of claim 1, wherein the at least one hiddenposition is an intermediate position in a hierarchy that is theorganization structure, wherein the generated organization chart isautomatically collapsed so that child nodes of the hidden position areshown as being directly linked to a parent node of the hidden position.3. The software tool of claim 2, wherein one of the different viewshaving at least one hidden position comprises a filled position view,which hides those positions in the organization structure that have noassigned personnel.
 4. The software tool of claim 2, wherein one of thefields linked to a position is a sensitivity field that indicateswhether a field should be hidden for security reasons, wherein one ofthe different views having at least one hidden position comprises anunsecured view which hides those positions in the organization structurehaving a sensitivity level value that indicates the position is to behidden.
 5. The software tool of claim 2, wherein the generatedorganization chart is automatically constructed in a proportional manneras a minimal possible graphical representation without any manualreorganizations required by a user of the software tool.
 6. The softwaretool of claim 1, wherein said indexed tables are tables of a relationaldatabase conforming to third normal form (3NF) comprising a positiontable, a resource table, a position reporting table, and an assignmenttable, wherein each unique position of the organization structureincludes one record in the position table, wherein each unique resourceof the organization structure includes one record in the resource table,and wherein a person is a resource for purposes of the resource table,wherein each unique reporting relationship among positions of theorganization structure includes one record in the position reportingtable, and wherein each assignment of a resource to a position includesone record in the assignment table.
 7. The software tool of claim 6,wherein the assignments table and the position reporting table each haveattributes for a start time and an end time, wherein the assignmentstable and the position table include records for historic assignmentsand reporting relationships as well as active assignments and reportingrelationships.
 8. The software tool of claim 1, further comprising: ancommand system configured to manage a non-contiguous organization anddetails of an incident, said incident involving an organization havingan organization structure that dynamically changes as situationalfactors of the incident changes, wherein the charting tool is configuredto dynamically generate a current organization chart consistent with acurrent organization structure as specified by the command systemresponsive to a user request, wherein at least one of the situationalfactors triggers a reporting structure change event, said event causingan automatic change in records stored in the indexed table containingrecords for reporting authority relationships, said automatic changecausing said charting tool to alter a hierarchy of positions depicted inan organization chart generated after an occurrence of the reportingstructure change event.
 9. The software tool of claim 8, wherein thestructure charting engine is further configured to generate a set ofqueries that upon execution interconnect the indexed tables.
 10. Thesoftware tool of claim 1, said software tool being integrated to acommercial off-the-shelf command management system, which is integratedwith the database tables to ensure information consistency between thecommand management system and a structure and content of the databasetables.
 11. The software tool of claim 1, said software tool beingintegrated to a commercial off-the-shelf front-end charting application.12. A method for charting an organization comprising: a computing deviceidentifying a set of database tables for an organization structure, saidset of database tables including a position table, a position reportingtable, a resource table, and an assignment table, wherein the positiontable comprises a unique record for each position within an organizationstructure, wherein the position reporting table comprises a uniquerecord for each relationship among the positions of the table, whereinthe resource table comprises a unique record for each resource capableof occupying a position, wherein the assignment table comprises a uniquerecord for each resource/position assignment; the computing devicereceiving a user request for an organization chart; the computing devicequerying the set of database tables to generate an organization object;the computing device converting the organization object into a graphicalorganization chart; and the computing device presenting the graphicalorganization chart to a requestor, wherein the graphical organizationchart is dynamically changed in response to changes in any of the set ofdatabase tables.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the user requests aspecific view for the organization chart, one possible view being a fullview showing filled and unfilled positions, another possible view beinga filled view showing only those positions that are filled, whereinstructure for the filled view has been collapsed to maintain authorityrelationships among positions while excluding unfilled intermediarypositions in an organization hierarchy, wherein the presented graphicalorganization chart is consistent with the requested view.
 14. The methodof claim 12, wherein at least a portion of stored positions applicableto an organization structure corresponding to the organization chart forwhich the user request applies have a sensitivity attribute which hidesthe position from unauthorized users, said method further comprising;the computing device determining a security level of a user making theuser request; and the computing device hiding at least one position ofthe organization structure based upon the sensitivity attribute of theat least one position and based upon the determined security level,wherein the presented organization chart has been collapsed to maintainauthority relationships among positions while excluding hidden positionspresent in an organization hierarchy.
 15. The method of claim 12,wherein the set of database tables are in third normal form (3NF), andwherein the set of database tables store historical informationregarding positions and assignments, said method further comprising: thecomputing device integrating the set of database tables to an incidentcommand system, wherein the incident command system is a commercialoff-the shelf system, wherein the integrating step changes enhances theincident command system to add dynamic organization chartingcapabilities consistent with a non-contagious organization structurethat changes based upon situational factors managed by the incidentcommand system; the incident command system determining an incidentevent; and responsive to the incident event, automatically altering atleast one of the structures of the set of database tables and contentstored in records contained in the sets of database tables.
 16. Themethod of claim 12, further comprising: the computing device receivingan organization chart request from a commercial off-the-shelfapplication having an organization charting capability, wherein thereceived user request is the organization chart request; the computingdevice formatting the organization object for compatibility with thecommercial off-the-shelf application; and the computing device conveyingthe organization object to the commercial off-the-shelf applicationwhich performs the converting and presenting steps.
 17. Anorganizational management computing system comprising: incidentmanagement software stored in a machine readable medium configured toinclude programmatic instructions directing at least one machine tocentrally manage incidents involving at least one organization having anorganization structure that dynamically varies as situation factors of amanaged incident changes, said incident changes being recorded by theincident management system, which causes the incident management systemto effect corresponding changes in the organization structure, whereinthe incident management software supports management of adverse eventresponses; and a charting tool configured to dynamically generateorganization charts depicting the organization structure at a userspecifiable point in time based upon a set of indexed relationaldatabase tables containing records that together define the organizationstructure, wherein the relational database tables are arranged so thatrecords unique to organizational positions are independent of areporting relationship among positions, and wherein the relationaldatabase tables are arranged so that records unique to theorganizational positions are independent of personnel assigned to thepositions, wherein said charting tool is also configured to createdifferent views of the organization structure, wherein selective ones ofthe different views hide at least one position included in theorganization structure, wherein at least one hidden position is anintermediate position in a hierarchy that is the organization structure,wherein the generated organization chart that includes the hiddenposition is automatically collapsed so that child nodes of the hiddenposition are shown as being directly linked to a parent node of thehidden position.
 18. The organizational management computing system ofclaim 17, said incident management software further comprising anincident command system for determining an incident event, said incidentmanagement software comprising code that is operational to, responsiveto the incident event, automatically alter at least one of theorganizational structures of the relational database tables and contentstored in records contained in the relational database tables.
 19. Theorganizational management computing system of claim 17, wherein at leasta portion of the positions of the organization structure correspond tothe organization chart that has a sensitivity attribute, which hides theat least position from unauthorized users, wherein said organizationmanagement system is operable to: determine a security level of a usermaking a user request; and hide at least one position of theorganization structure based upon the sensitivity attribute of the atleast one position and based upon the determined security level.
 20. Theorganizational management computing system of claim 17, wherein saidorganization management system is operable to: identify a set of therelational database tables for the organization structure, said set ofrelational database tables including a position table, a positionreporting table, a resource table, and an assignment table, wherein theposition table comprises a unique record for each position within theorganization structure, wherein the position reporting table comprises aunique record for each relationship among the positions of the table,wherein the resource table comprises a unique record for each resourcecapable of occupying a position, wherein the assignment table comprisesa unique record for each resource/position assignment; receive a requestfor an organization chart; query the set of relational database tablesto generate an organization object; convert the organization object intoa graphical organization chart; and present the graphical organizationchart to a requestor.